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护理法则语写出：有所发展术 护理法则语写出：术前审计 药理学法则语写出：药物转换成 护理法则语写出：拄来回 护理法则语写出：ICU读物 护理法则语写出：灌肠法则 护理法则语写出：鼻饲给药法则 护理法则语写出：口服给药 国际护士总会护士职业道德准则 药理学法则语写出：非传统性遗传 药理学法则语写出：康复药理学 药理学法则语写出：多基因遗传 药理学法则语写出：切除过后的管理制度 药理学法则语写出：查房准备 药理学法则语写出：心脏阿兹海默 药理学法则语写出：医疗记录下来回顾 药理学法则语写出：阿兹海默 药品预先：异烟肼 药理学法则语写出：解剖部位 药理学法则语写出：药物转换成Resuscitation 有所发展术 Assessment 审计 Assess the client's unresponsiveness by shaking the client and shouting, "Are you OK?" 搂病症或呼叫病症，审计病症重排程度。 Implementation 实施 1. Activate the emergency medical services according to hospital policy and procedure 杆子据医院规定和操作机制起动住院治疗治疗。 2. Observe for chest movement; listen and feel for breaths. 捕捉到臀部有无民族运动，听、感觉病症痉挛。 3. If client is breathing and no trauma is present, place client in the recovery position. 如病症有痉挛、无脸部，将病症安放稳定下来位。 4. If no respirations are detected, call for assistance. 如无痉挛，寻求适时。 5. Place victim on hard surface, such as floor or ground, or use the backboard found on the resuscitation cart or the headboard of the hospital bed. If the client must be moved to the supine position, use the log-rolling technique to maintain spinal integrity. 将病患安放硬面，如墙壁或高不远处，或引入医护人员车上的底板或病床床背脊板。如需将病症移至仰卧位，可引入滚木手法则以保持稳定脊柱比较简单。 6. Correctly position for resuscitative efforts. 有所发展时正确： A. One-person rescue: face client while kneeling parallel to the client's sternum. 单人医护人员：面向病症，跪膝与病症肩胛骨两条线。 B. Two-person rescue: one person faces client while kneeling parallel to the client's head. Second person is on the opposite side parallel to the client's sternum. 双人医护人员：五人面向病症，跪膝与病症背脊部两条线；五人于病症另一侧，与病症肩胛骨两条线。 7. Open the airway. 挡住心包 A. If no head or neck trauma is suspected, use the head-tilt, chin-lift method. 如无背脊世颈脸部，可引入侧背脊、抬背脊举颏法则。 B. If head or neck trauma is suspected, use the jaw-thrust maneuver only. Grasp angles of client's lower jaw and lift with both hands, displacing the mandible forward. 如疑有背脊或颈部脸部，只能引入手指托颌法则。手指干掉病症前额尖，抬起，按住前额后仰。 8. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respirations: 口对口人工痉挛 A. Adult: a. Pinch client's nose with thumb and index finger and occlude mouth with rescuer's mouth or use CPR pocket mask. Attempt two slow breaths, 1 1/2 to 2 sec per breath. 用拇指和指尖捏住病症鼻子，急救者张口盖住病症口唇，也可使用CPR袖珍墨镜。先唯两次慢痉挛，每痉挛1.2至2秒。 b. The rescuer should take a breath after each ventilation. 每次人工痉挛后急救者都理应吸紧接著。 c. Allow the client to exhale between breaths. 两次痉挛间理应允许病症呼气。 d. Continue with 12 breaths per minute. 独自人工痉挛，每分钟12次。 B. Child （1 to 8 years of age）: 幼儿（1-8岁） a. Pinch the victim's nose tightly with thumb and forefinger. Place rescuer's mouth or CPR pocket mask over client's mouth, forming an airtight seal. Give two slow breaths, 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 用手指和指尖捏紧病患鼻子。急救者用口或CPR袖珍墨镜盖住病症口唇，形成一个热力心包。先唯两次慢痉挛，每次1-1,5秒钟。 b. Pause after the first breath to take a breath. 每一次痉挛后稍停，通气。 c. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 独自人工痉挛，每分钟20次。 C. Infant: 小孩 a. Place the rescuer's mouth over the infant's nose and mouth, forming an airtight seal. 急救者口盖住患儿鼻、口，形成一热力心包。 b. Give two breaths slowly at 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 唯两次慢痉挛，每痉挛1-1.5秒。 9. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 独自痉挛，每分钟20次。 10. Ambu bag artificial respirations: 送医急救袋人式痉挛 All ages: 所有年龄 A. Connect oxygen supply tubing to Ambu bag and oxygen flowmeter. Adjust oxygen to 100% FiO2 or ordered rate. 将呼吸器管与送医急救袋和流量计相连，将氧气调节至100%吸氧浓度分数或规定飞行速度。 B. Insert oropharyngeal airway. 插入口咽导肺部。 C. Position the face mask of the Ambu bag over the client's mouth and nose. 将送医急救袋墨镜安放患儿口、鼻。 D. Give slow breaths by squeezing the bag. 捏挤送医急救袋唯慢痉挛。 E. Allow time for client to exhale. 留出病症呼气时间。 11. If ventilation attempt is unsuccessful, reposition the client's head and reattempt rescue breathing again. If ventilation attempt remains unsuccessful, the airway may be obstructed by a foreign body that will need to be removed. 如人工勇气失败，更进一步安放病症背脊部，再次开始急救痉挛。如再次失败，心包可能有口内堵塞，需要去除口内。 12. Suction secretions as needed or turn client's head to the side if no trauma is suspected. 必要时吸痰或将病症背脊侧向一侧（如无损伤）。 13. Check for the presence of carotid pulse in and child or brachial pulse in infant. Feel for 3 to 5 sec. 检查脉搏：及幼儿校准锁骨，小孩校准臂动脉。3-5秒。 14. If no pulse, initiate chest compressions. 如无脉搏，唯胸外松开法则。 A. Adult: Place heel of hands, one atop the other, on lower third of the sternum. Lock elbows and maintain shoulders in line with sternum. ：两手相叠，手掌放到第三肩胛骨不远处。双肘关节伸直双肩与肩胛骨对齐。 B. Child: Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum. 幼儿：将一手掌杆子放到下1/2肩胛骨不远处。 C. Infant: Place two or three fingers on the lower half of the sternum just below the level of the infant's nipples. 小孩：将2-3杆子手指放到下1/2肩胛骨不远处，小孩右方。 15. Compress chest downward to proper depth and then release. Maintain constant contact with skin. 向下松开臀部至适当深度，松弛。始终保持稳定与脸部碰触。 A. Adult: 1 1/2 to 2 inches （ 4 to 5 cm） ：松开时沉陷1.5至2cm（4-5 cm） B. Child:1 to 1 1/2 inches （2.5 to 4 cm） 幼儿：松开时沉陷1至1.5cm（2.5-4 cm） C. Infant:1/2 to 1 inch （1 to 2.5 cm） 小孩：松开时沉陷0.5-1cm（1-2.5 cm） 16. Maintain correct ratio proportionate to number of rescuers: 按急救人数保持稳定正确飞行速度。 One rescuer: 15 compressions, 2 breaths 单人：2次痉挛松开15下 Two rescuers: 5 compressions, 1 breath 双人：1次痉挛松开5下 A. Adult: minimum of 80 to 100 compressions per min ：至多80-100次/分 B. Child: minimum of 100 compressions per min 幼儿：至多100次/分 C. Infant: minimum of 100 compressions per min 小孩：至多100次/分 17. Continue artificial respiration. 独自人工痉挛 18. Monitor the adequacy of the compressions during two-rescuer CPR with palpation of the carotid （, child） or brachial （infant） pulse during compressions. 双人胸外松开时扪摸锁骨（或幼儿）或臂动脉（小孩）监校准松开是否适当。 19. Continue CPR until the rescuer is relieved, client regains cardiopulmonary function independently, or physician directs that CPR be discontinued. 独自唯CPR，直到有人去除，或病症稳定下来自主心肺功能，或医生指示中止CPR。 20. Use Completion Protocol. 引入标准完成机制。 Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Interventions 确认意外结果与护理措施。 Record and Report 记录下来与报告 1. Onset of arrest. 停搏时间 2. Location. 部位 3. Actions taken. 采取的唯动 4. 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